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Article 21 GDPR : Right to Object and Statutory Marketing Safeguards

Official EU Regulation (EU) 2016/679 legal analysis · Controlled official sources

⚡ In 30 seconds:

Article 21 GDPR governs the right to object on grounds relating to particular situation against processing based on public interest or legitimate interests, and grants an absolute, unconditional right to object at any time to direct marketing without providing justification.

General Right to Object on Legitimate Grounds (Art. 21(1) GDPR)

The data subject has the right to object, on grounds relating to his or her particular situation, at any time to processing of personal data concerning him or her which is based on public interest (Art. 6(1)(e)) or legitimate interests (Art. 6(1)(f)), including profiling based on those provisions.

The controller shall no longer process the personal data unless the controller demonstrates compelling legitimate grounds for the processing which override the interests, rights and freedoms of the data subject or for the establishment, exercise or defence of legal claims.

Absolute Right to Object to Direct Marketing (Arts. 21(2) & 21(3) GDPR)

Where personal data are processed for direct marketing purposes, including profiling to the extent that it is related to such direct marketing, the right to object is unconditional and absolute.

Upon receipt of the objection, the controller must immediately cease all processing for marketing purposes without being permitted to invoke compelling legitimate grounds or impose fees or convoluted procedures.

Verified Official Sources

⚖️ Binding Source
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR) · CELEX: 32016R0679 · 2016-04-27

General Data Protection Regulation — EU Reference Legal Framework

Consult official source →
📝 Open Public Consultation Draft
Guidelines 1/2024 on processing of personal data based on Article 6(1)(f) GDPR · 2024-10-08

Test en trois étapes de l'intérêt légitime : finalité légitime, nécessité du traitement, mise en balance des droits et attentes raisonnables (version 1.0, consultation publique close le 20 nov. 2024)

Consult official source →

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See Also in the Legal Framework

Article 6 GDPR Official Text

Article 6 GDPR: The Six Lawful Grounds for Lawful Processing

Legal analysis of Article 6 GDPR: the six alternative legal bases for lawfulness of processing, valid consent criteria, ...

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CJEU KNLTB CJEU Case Law

CJEU C-621/22 KNLTB: Lawfulness of Commercial Interest Under Art. 6(1)(f)

Fundamental CJEU ruling of 4 October 2024 (ECLI:EU:C:2024:858): lawful commercial interest is not excluded as a legitima...

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Article 18 GDPR Official Text

Article 18 GDPR : Restricting Processing Pending Verification of Rights

The four statutory cases for restriction of processing under Article 18 GDPR, technical freezing of restricted data, lif...

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Reviewed date: 2026-08-23 Last modified: 2026-08-23

Independent legal reference documentation on Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR).

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